AN EXPLAINER
WhatsApp makes it easy for messages to spread very fast. Within minutes, one message can reach hundreds of people. While this is useful, it also means false information can travel just as quickly.
THINK BEFORE YOU SHARE
Many viral messages are designed to trigger quick reactions. Research by Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that false news spreads faster and reaches more people than true information, largely because it is more “novel” and emotionally engaging.
This explains why shocking or urgent messages like sudden health scares or political rumors travel quickly on platforms like WhatsApp and Telegram. A short pause before sharing helps interrupt this cycle and reduces the spread of misinformation.
CHECK AND CONFIRM THE INFORMATION
Looking at the source is one of the most effective verification steps. According to World Health Organization, misinformation often lacks clear attribution to credible institutions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many viral claims had no traceable origin or falsely used the names of health agencies. A practical method is to copy part of a message and search it online. Verified stories are typically reported by recognized outlets like BBC News or Reuters.
Also, checking dates matters. For example, old videos from past events are often reshared during new crises to create panic. This has been repeatedly documented by fact-checkers.
CROSS-CHECK WITH MULTIPLE SOURCES
Relying on a single source increases the risk of believing false information. The Pew Research Center emphasizes that cross-verification across multiple credible outlets significantly improves information accuracy.
For instance, during elections or major national events, verified information is usually reported consistently across several platforms. If a claim appears only in forwarded messages or obscure blogs, that is a strong indicator it may not be reliable.
BE CAREFUL WHAT YOU SPREAD
Messages that say “share urgently” or “forward to everyone you know” are classic misinformation tactics. According to First Draft, such language is deliberately used to create emotional pressure and bypass critical thinking.
A real-world example is the spread of false security alerts in Nigeria, where messages about alleged attacks circulate widely without confirmation from authorities. These often cause unnecessary panic before being debunked. Correcting misinformation also matters. Informing the sender politely has been shown to reduce further spread, especially in private messaging groups.
USE TRUSTED FACT-CHECKING SOURCES
Fact-checking organisations provide verified evidence on viral claims. Platforms like: Africa Check, Dubawa, Snopes. These organisations investigate claims using data, expert interviews, and official records. For example, Africa Check has debunked multiple viral WhatsApp messages in Nigeria, including false claims about government policies and health warnings.
FINAL THOUGHT
Verifying WhatsApp messages is simple but important. By taking a little time to check information, you help reduce confusion and protect others from misinformation. Not everything that goes viral is true, so always be sure before you share.
